What is entailed in 'static testing'?

Static testing involves examining documents, code, or other materials without executing them. This method allows for the identification of errors early in the development process, including issues relating to logic, syntax, and compliance with standards. By analyzing the code or documents statically, testers and developers can spot potential problems that could lead to more significant issues if found later in the development lifecycle.

This type of testing often includes activities such as code reviews, inspections, and static code analysis, which do not require running the application. Therefore, it contributes to improving overall software quality by addressing issues at an early stage, reducing time and costs associated with later-stage testing.

In contrast, the other options involve dynamic testing methods, which require executing code or functionality.